CHINA : ACROSS THE HIMALAYAN GAP An Indian Quest for Understanding China

SOURCE:
http://ignca.nic.in/ks_41.htm

ACROSS THE HIMALAYAN GAP

An Indian Quest for Understanding China

This book is the fruition of Step 1 of a project launched by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) whic is a premier Indian research institution dedicated to a holistic understanding world civilization and to the promotion of information and insight between different cultures of the world. "Sino-Indian Studies" is a special window of IGNCA drawing inspiration from Gurudeva Rabindranath Tagore's longing for reenacting the history of the "great pilgrimage" and path-opening" - "to maintain the [Sino-Indian] "intercourse of culture and friendship", in Tagore's own words. Dr. Kapila Vatsyayan, blazed a new trail in 1990, leading scholars of India and China to "look at each other" instead of trying to see each other's country through the Western Hemisphere. All the 40 Indian authors in this volume have contributed their mite to this endeavour--making it a book that parades the various Indian perspective on China, on her civilization, history, society and present developments. While scrutinizing their writings, readers also get a glance over Indian Savants' observations and Indian leaders' addresses at Chinese universities. The book also targets the Chinese readership with the aim of creating its companion volume of Chinese perspectives on India which is the Step II of the IGNCA project in promoting indepth understanding between the two most populous countries--close neighbours and partners of the 21st century.

ACROSS THE HIMALAYAN GAP An Indian Quest for Understanding China Edited by  Tan Chung Assistant Editor : Dr. Ravni Thakur 1998, xxvi+553pp., col. and b&w illus.,  ISBN: 81-212-0585-9 Rs. 1200 (HB)

Contents Acknowledgements Tan Chung Foreword Kapila Vatsyayan Preface Karan Singh Introduction Tan Chung

DEDICATED TO: Gurudeva Rabindranath Tagore,  Pioneer in modern times in strengthening cultural ties between India and China

Indian Leaders' Speeches in Chinese Universities Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi at Qinghua University, Beijing, 1988. Prime Minister Narasimha Rao at Beijing University, 1993. Vice-President K R Narayan at Fudan University, Shanghai, 1994 Indian Savants' Observations on China Raja Rammohan Roy Gurudeva Rabindranath Tagore Mahatma Gandhi Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru A K Coomaraswami P C Bagchi Perspectives A Holistic Eye on Cultural Interface and Syneregy - Kapila Vatsyayan The Critique of Modernity in India and China - Prasenjit Duara Enchantment and Disenchantment: A Sino-Indian Introspection - Ravni Thakur & Tan Chung Gandhi and Mao: National Identity for an Alternative Future - Mira Sinha Bhattacharjea Body, State and Comos: Mao Zedong's "Study of Physical Education" 1917 - Patricia Uberoi A Sino-Indian Perspective for India-China Understanding - Tan Chung Unveiling Xuanzang and the Xuanzang Spirit - Haraprasad Ray Towards an Understanding of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics - Hemant Adlakha Culture and Art Some Aspects of Jataka Paintings in Indian and Chinese (Central Asian) Art - M C Joshi & Radha Banerjee India and China: Beyond and the Within - Lokesh Chandra My Trust with Chinese Art - M N Deshpande Icons of Cultural Linkage - D C Bhattacharyya Cultural Synthesis in the Buddhist Art of China - Arputharani Sengupta New Revelations of Xinjiang Art - Priyatosh Banerjee The Creation of Goddess of Mercy from Avloketesvara - Bagyalakshmi The Manichaean Input to Chinese Culture and Art - Radha Banerjee  Socio-Political Changes and Economic Development Socio-Political Institutions Development and Democracy: The Indian and Chinese Experience - Manoranjan Mohanty Understanding "Human Relationship" in China - Kamal Sheel Economic Developments The Economic Ideas of Mao Zedong: Agricultural Transformation - Utsa Patnaik Roads for Large Populations Towards Development and Prosperity - S P Gupta Gender Issues Change and Continuity: Orthodox Discourse on Gender Relations in China - Ravni Thakur Women and Family in India and China - Bidyut Mohanty Women and Adult Literacy in China - Shreemati Chakrabarty History and Literature Tagore and China The Controversial Guest: Tagore's 1924 Visit at China - Sisir Kumar Das     Part 1 | Part 2 Tagore's Inspiration in Chinese New Poetry - Tan Chung   Part 1 | Part 2 Ancients on War Strategic Thinking in Ancient Indian and China: Kautilya and Sunzi - Giri Deshingkar Arthashastra and Sunzi Bingfa - V R Ragavan Modern Chinese Literature The Lofty Height of a Writer: My Evaluation of Lu Xun - Manik Bhattacharyya Comeback of Hundred Flowers in Chinese Literataure: 1976-1989 - Sabaree Mitra India-China Relationship Mao Zedong's Vision: China, The World and India - Mira Sinha Bhattacharjea The Nehru Years Revisited - Giri Deshingkar Retrace Indian Steps in the Agricultural Scene in China 40 Years Back - S K Bhutani Diplomats' Reminiscences Interwoven Memories about China - K.P.S. Menon My Trust with India-China Friendship - A Talk at IGNCA - K.P.S. Menon Diary of an Old China Hand - A K Damodaran Delicious Memories - A Talk at IGNCA - A.K. Damodaran Walk out of the Dinner and Eat it - A Talk at IGNCA - Brajesh Mishra Memories of An Indian Ambassador, 1987-1991 - C V Ranganathan A Young Indian Diplomat in China in the 1960s and 1970s - K S Rana How I Arrived on the China Scene - Vinod Khanna Better Understanding How to Understand China? - V V Paranjpe How to Understand Deng Xiaping's China? - C V Ranganathan Positive Agenda for Positive Action: Better India-China Understanding - Eric Gonsalves Indian Policies Towards China - A Talk at IGNCA - Salman Haidar Looking at China Across the Border - Dipankar Banerjee India-China Relations: A Military Perspective - V R Raghavan Three Agreements and Five Principles between India and China Building Confidence with China - Swaran Singh - Part 1 | Part 2 China Becoming a Superpower and India's Options - Sreedhar The Importance of understanding China - Surjit Mansing Contributors

STATUS INDIA -TIBET BOUNDARY ISSUE AS ON NOV ( 2013)

SOURCE:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2515187/India-ready-let-China-Aksai-Chin-neighbour-country-drops-claim-Arunachal-Pradesh.html


        STATUS  INDIA -TIBET BOUNDARY                      ( ISSUE  AS ON NOV 2013 )

         India 'ready to let China keep Aksai Chin' if neighbour country drops claim to Arunachal Pradesh

                                    By

                          Saurabh Shukla

 28 November 2013 

UPDATED 22 JUL 2017

The bhai-bhai days may soon be reborn in bye-bye avatar along the India-China border.

Foreign ministry documents on border negotiations accessed by Mail Today reveal that India has signalled its readiness to let its Aksai Chin region remain in Chinese hands in exchange for recognition of Arunachal Pradesh as part of its territory.

In other words, India is willing to give up its claims to Aksai Chin if China does the same for Arunachal.

China continues to push for territorial concessions in Arunachal Pradesh, which it has been eyeing for a long time, before moving forward on the long-standing border issue between the two countries.

Publicly, India has been holding to its stated position that there can't be any territorial concessions. But behind the closed doors of the negotiating room, India has told China that it "may not be averse to status quo position".

Simply put, it means that for China to give up its claim on the 90,000 sq km inside Arunachal, including Tawang, India could agree to give up 38,000 km sq of Jammu and Kashmir. That piece of land, called Aksai Chin in the Ladakh sector, has been in dispute since Pakistan annexed it and then illegally handed 5,180 sq km over to China in 1963.

Bargaining Point

This contentious formula is not the stated position of New Delhi, but it is being considered a bargaining point, officials privy to the discussions have told Mail Today.

Any such proposal can only be implemented if a new government in New Delhi has enormous political will, because there is an unanimous resolution of the Indian Parliament of 1962 that India will ensure that it gets back all territory illegally occupied by China.

Several documents based on the notes made by Indian officials suggest that even after 16 rounds of boundary negotiations, the talks are effectively deadlocked. China insists it needs substantial concessions on Arunachal Pradesh and the entire disputed Eastern sector before a framework or a formula to resolve disputes in all sectors can be agreed to.

The boundary talks are currently in the second leg of a three-stage process. Both sides signed an agreement on political parameters in 2005, and are now negotiating a framework to resolve disputes in all sectors.

First Stage

The first stage was to establish guiding principles, the second included evolving a consensus on a framework for the boundary, and the last step comprised carrying out its delineation and demarcation. This final stage involves delineating the border in maps and on the ground.

The 16th round of boundary negotiations earlier this year between National Security Advisor Shiv Shankar Menon and Chinese Special Interlocutor Yang Jeichi, a former Chinese foreign minister, also ended on a disappointing note, with India contesting the Chinese assertion that the boundary was never demarcated.

Menon has been a tough negotiator, responding strongly to Chinese suggestions of concessions and rejecting its maximalist approach.

The Indian side also says that both sides should, in the spirit of mutual respect and mutual understanding, make meaningful and mutually acceptable adjustments to their respective positions on the boundary question so as to arrive at a package settlement.

The Big Deal

A consensus is building where India and China may agree to territorial concessions. It means that for China to give up its claim on the 90,000 sq km inside Arunachal Pradesh, including Tawang, India could agree to give up 38,000 sq km of Jammu and Kashmir. 

That piece of land, called Aksai Chin in the Ladakh sector, has been in dispute since Pakistan annexed it and then illegally handed 5,180 sqkm over to China in 1963.

                                                              CHINESE WAR                                     PREPAREDNESS IN AKSAI CHIN

            UPDATED TILL 21 JUL 2017


Google Earth streams the world over wired and wireless networks enabling users to virtually go anywhere on the planet and see places in photographic detail. This is not like any map you have ever seen. This is a 3D model of the real world, based on real satellite images combined with maps, guides to restaurants, hotels, entertainment, businesses and more. You can zoom from space to street level instantly and then pan or jump from place to place, city to city, even country to country. Get Google Earth. Put the world in perspective. (http://earth.google.com) 









                                AKSAI CHIN AS SEEN FROM                                    GOOGLE  EARTH

                                                       ABOVE

CHINESE ROAD COMMUNICATIONS 
                                  &

   DEFENCES AS DETECTED FROM                                  GOOGLE EARTH








 PLA    MISSILE  BASE ( WITH TUNNELS )

    33 Km from  karakoraum pass 

                               AT   

                      18 Deg    Mag 

                                OR   

                 40  Km  22 Deg  Mag  


            FROM DAULAT BEG OLDI  
                              ON

  KARAKORAM   WATER- SHED  NORTH








NOT LISTED   AIR PORT WITH FIVE(05) Km RUNWAY  JUST 485 Km  NORTH  22 Deg NNE FROM NEW DELHI 

       LOC  FROM NGARI TOWN-  
48 Km  SSE 170 DEG ON G-219 HIGHWAY TO SHIGASTE .   NEW DELHI & ALL AIRPORTS OF NW INDIA ARE IN THE RANGE OF SS 11- MISSILES ( (NUKES ? )

These 4 Countries Will Stop China From Ruling A Disputed Sea(R)

SOURCE:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphjennings/2017/07/14/these-4-countries-will-resist-chinas-rising-power-in-a-disputed-sea/#14dbd528c714

  India On High Alert After China Moves

        Military Equipments To Tibet

                     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJrVGJ0QuRY

These 4 Countries Will Stop     China From Ruling A Disputed Sea

                   PREVIEW   

                     REVENGE OF GEOGRAPHY

THE DAY VIETNAM  FALLS TO CHINKS 
THERE WILL BE NOTHING  TO STOP CHINA CAPTURING MALAYSIA  ARCHIPELAGO. IT WILL BE A REPEAT
                                  OF 
WORLD WAR II BURMA CAMPAIGN .

                 CHINKS HAD BEEN

EYEING  "THIBET" SINCE THE ADVENT                                    OF
                          BIG GAME.

AFTER THE QUICK SUSPECT DEATHS                                        
                              OF 

7th DALAI LAMA  TO 12 th  DALAI  LAMAs

 IN 1886  BEFORE 13th DALAI LAMA 

COULD  CONSOLIDATE  HIS RULE 

 BRITAIN BARTERED AWAY "THIBET" 

TO CHINESE IN EXCHANGE FOR 

 BRTISH  RULE OVER  "BURMA". 

 CHINESE WERE EYEING BURMA IN 1886                                         & 
 AS  A PART OF BIG ASIAN  GAME

 THEY ARE STILL EYEING BURMA . 

       INDIA LOST BURMA IN 1939 
                                     &
    IF INDIANS  DO  NOT  MODERNIZE

                      "ARMED FORCES"

TO FACE CHINA THAN INDIA SHOULD  

              BE PREPARED FOR INDIAN 

                      "BALKANIZATION"

                                       & 
                               
                              BYE BYE  

                                     TO 

"DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF  BHARAT "

       THIS IS CALLED REVENGE OF                                         GEOGRAPHY

                                                        -Vasundhra

                                   --------------------------------------------------------------------------

China Moves Tonnes Of Military Equipments To Tibet

        

   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB5ZBfLRc2s

CHINKS HAVE TO BE CAUGHT BY  YAK (TIBETAN) HORNS &  IT  SHOULD BE MADE CLEAR TO THEM THAT TIBET IS AUTONOMOUS  REGION OF INDIA.                               'INDIAN DIPLOMACY' 
IS A TOTAL FAILURE ON ALL FRONTS                                     EXCEPT  IN                             
                             SELF PRAISE

              --------------------------------------------


Convention relating to Burmah and Thibet, July 24th 1886 between the British Government and the Government of China) Extract: 
   

      1876, Zhifu Agreement - Britain

            http://www.chinaforeignrelations.net/node/147

                                                     &

        1886, Burma-Tibet - Britain

                 in 

• British treaties
• 
  
             http://www.chinaforeignrelations.net/node/148

Convention relating to Burmah and Thibet, July 24th 1886 between the British Government and the Government of China) Extract: Inasmuch as inquiry into the circumstances, by the Chinese Government, has shown the existence of many obstacles to the Mission to Thibet provided for in the separate article of the Chefoo Agreement, England consents to countermand the Mission forthwith. With regard to the desire of the British Government to consider arrangements for frontier trade between India and Thibet, it will be the duty of the Chinese Government, after careful inquiry into the circumstances, to adopt measures to exhort and encourage the people with a view to the promotion and development of trade. Should it he practicable, the Chinese Government shall then proceed carefully to consider trade regulations: but if insuperable obstacles should be found to exist, the British Government will not press the matter unduly.


 The remainder of the Convention was concerned with the recognition of British supremacy in Burma and the above clause about Tibet appears to be in the nature of a concession to facilitate the principal object of the Convention. 

These 4 Countries Will Stop                             China 

From Ruling A Disputed Sea

                       BY

               Ralph Jennings

An activist shouts anti-China slogans during a rally marking the 42nd anniversary of the 1974 naval battle between China and then-South Vietnamese troops over the Paracel Islands, in Hanoi on January 19, 2017. (HOANG DINH NAM/AFP/Getty Images)

China claimed to be king of the widely disputed sea off its south coast before a world arbitration court ruled a year ago that it lacked legal grounds for the massive maritime claim. A year after that ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague, Beijing has become only more dominant over the South China Sea despite competing claims by Brunei, Malaysia, Taiwan, the Philippines and Vietnam. That’s because China rejected the ruling but to make sure no one squawked, it stepped up economic cooperation with some of the other countries.

China has the world’s third largest military and second biggest GDP, making its maritime control hard to challenge especially if you’re a smaller Southeast Asian state. But not everyone is just standing by. Here are four countries that are able and likely to throw water on China’s increasing control over the 3.5 million-square-kilometer sea that’s rich in fisheries, fuel reserves and shipping lanes:

1. India

India has no claim in the South China Sea but hopes to stop China from consolidating its own. The well-armed Western ally that disputes two border regions with China established an “Act East”policy in 2014 to improve ties with fast growing Southeast Asian nations. Supposedly it would act economically, but maybe there's more.

In May the country was exploring placement of a tsunami warning system in the South China Sea for regional use even though Beijing is working on one, as well. In 2014 the overseas subsidiary of India’s state-run firm ONGC reached a deal with Vietnam to explore under a tract of sea that Beijing covets. China is not opposing India’s tsunami alert system idea but is less thrilled about the oil deals.

2. Japan

Acting as China’s balance-of power counterweight in Asia, Japan gave Vietnam six ships in 2014 and last year agreed to lease five military aircraft to the Philippines. Those are just just two examples of how it has supplied nations with South China Sea claims that overlap those of Beijing.

Some see Japan as an Asian proxy for Western influence against Chinese expansion. From May 1 its Izumo helicopter carrier began escorting a U.S. supply ship. It was probably headed to the South China Sea through August for port calls and drills with India and the United States in the Bay of Bengal.

China has a separate maritime dispute with Japan over Tokyo-controlled islets in the East China Sea. It’s very wary of Japanese military expansion in the future. No wonder a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson told Japan in March via the official Xinhua News Agency not to cause trouble in the region.

3. United States

U.S. President Donald Trump looked the other way at China’s maritime expansion through April as he hoped his Chinese counterpart would help rein in North Korea’s ballistic missile development. But as that cooperation shows signs of thinning, since late May the U.S. Navy has passed two vessels through the South China Sea to refute Beijing's idea that the whole sea is theirs. China objected to both passages.

The United States doesn’t claim any of the sea, but Beijing frets because of the well-armed U.S. government’s ease in forming military alliances with Asian countries that do. The prime example is joint U.S. naval patrols with the Philippines since 2014.

4. Vietnam

This is the only country with a competing South China Sea claim that is likely to go against China’s maritime expansion, which includes land reclamation at some of the sea’s bigger features and infrastructure for military use. Like other states in Southeast Asia, the Vietnamese value their trade relationship with China, which totaled $95.8 billion in 2015.

But they fundamentally dislike China and aren’t afraid to risk its wrath despite a smaller military. Consider centuries of land border disputes, a deadly 1974 battle over the sea’s Paracel Islands(China controls them now) and a boat-ramming incident three years ago over a Chinese oil rig. Vietnam can count on India and Japan for support if needed. So it’s OK reclaiming its own isletsand drilling for oil in waters that may fall inside China’s “nine-dash line” that it uses to demarcate its maritime claim. China will bellyache -- a military official cut short a visit to Hanoi last month -- but Vietnam has enough resolve and backing to resist.

APPENDIX FOR  INFO



Legal Materials on Tibet

Treaties & Conventions Relating to Tibet

Numbers in brackets (e.g. [1]) indicate page in print version.

Sino-Tibetan Treaty, 821/823 A.D. [371]

Peace Treaty Between Ladakh and Tibet at Tingmosgang (1684) [372]

Ladakhi Letter of Agreement (1842) [374]

Agreement Between Tibet and Kashmir (1852) [375]

Treaty Between Tibet and Nepal (1856) [376]

Treaty Between Nepal and Tibet (1856) [378]

Chefoo Convention (1876) [380]

Convention Relating to Burmah and Thibet (1886) [381]

Convention Between Great Britain and China Relating to Sikkim and Tibet (1890) [382]

Convention Between Great Britain and Thibet (1904) [385]

Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906) [389]

Convention Between Great Britain and Russia (1907) [391]

Agreement Between Great Britain, China and Tibet Amending Trade Regulations of 1893 (1908) [393]

Treaty of Friendship and Alliance Between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet (1913) [397]

Anglo-Tibetan Declaration (1914) [399]

Convention Between Great Britain, China, and Tibet, Simla (1914) [400]

Anglo-Tibetan Trade Regulations (1914) [403]

Agreement for the Restoration of Peaceful Relations Between China and Tibet (1918) [406]

Supplementary Agreement Regarding Mutual Withdrawal of Troops and Cessation of Hostilities Between Chinese and Tibetans (1918) [409]

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