SOURCE: (a) https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/personnel-draft.htm
Russian Military Personnel - Conscription
| conscripts [by recruiting campaign] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Spring | Autumn | Total |
| 2003 | 175 050 | 175 806 | 350,856 |
| 2004 | 166 050 | 176 393 | 342,443 |
| 2005 | 157 700 | 140 900 | 298,600 |
| 2006 | 124 550 | 123 310 | 247,860 |
| 2007 | 133 500 | 132 500 | 266,000 |
| 2008 | 133 200 | 219 000 | 352,200 |
| 2009 | 305 560 | 271 020 | 576,580 |
| 2010 | 270 600 | 278 821 | 549,421 |
| 2011 | 218 720 | 135 850 | 354,570 |
| 2012 | 155 570 | 140 140 | 295,710 |
| 2013 | 153 200 | 150 000 | 303 200 |
| 2014 | 154 000 | 154 100 | 308 100 |
| 2015 | 150 145 | 147,100 | 297,245 |
| 2016 | 155 000 | 152 000 | 307,000 |
| 2017 | 142 000 | 134 000 | 276 000 |
| 2018 | 128 000 | 132 500 | 260 500 |
| 2019 | 135 000 | 132 000 | 267 000 |
| 2020 | 135 000 | 128 000 | 263 000 |
| 2021 | 134 000 | 127 500 | 261 500 |
| 2022 | 134 500 | ||
Reuters cited two European diplomats saying Russian conscripts were told they were taking part in military exercises but had to sign for extended duty before the invasion. “They were misled, badly trained and then arrived to find old Ukrainian women who looked like their grandmothers yelling at them to go home,” one of the diplomats told the news agency 31 March 2022.
The Ministry of Defense stated that sending conscripts to war was excluded. By law, they can be sent to the combat zone no earlier than four months after the start of military service. Among those who are sent to the border, even those conscripts who were called up only in December 2021 and who had not yet had time to undergo the necessary training. Ministry spokesman Igor Konashenkov said on 09 March 2022 that "some of the conscripts" had been captured by Ukrainian armed forces, adding that "almost all of the conscripts" had been recalled from Ukrainian territory.
Russian President Vladimir Putin received a report on the implementation of his instructions to categorically exclude the involvement of conscripts to perform tasks on the territory of Ukraine, on his behalf, materials were sent to the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office for a legal assessment of the actions and punishment of officials responsible for failure to comply with this instruction, the press secretary of the head of State Dmitry Peskov said 09 March 2022.
The Russian army also for the first time openly admitted that its servicemen were captured by Ukraine. Previously, such messages were not commented on or refuted by the authorities at all levels. The number of that taken prisoner was not named. Authorities are said to be "taking exhaustive measures" to release the prisoners and keep conscripts out of combat in the future.
Immediately after the start of the war, the Committee of Soldiers' Mothers reported that before the entry of troops to the Ukrainian border, conscripts were transferred, some of whom were forced to sign contracts. The chairman of the board of the organization, Olga Larkin, told the publication that since the beginning of the week, the committee had received dozens of calls from mothers who complained that their conscript sons were rushed to the Ukrainian border, given bulletproof vests and military weapons. Mothers write in the comments in the VKontakte groups that their sons-soldiers, deployed to the border with Ukraine, have stopped communicating. According to Larkin, young people were forced to sign contracts. Those who refuse to sign a contract have their military tickets taken away and stamped, or contracts are signed for them, said the chairman of the Committee of Soldiers' Mothers.
In 2013, 303,230 Russians were called up for military service as conscripts in the army and navy; in 2020 - almost 40,000 less (exactly 263,000). At the same time, the number of the Russian Armed Forces did not decrease. And this meant that thanks to contract soldiers, whose number is increasing every year, though slowly, there was simply less need for more conscripts.
The share of conscripts in the Russian army is currently about a third of the total number, the rest of the seats are staffed with contract servicemen, said Vladimir Shamanov, head of the State Duma's defense committee 15 March 2021. "Today we have about 30% of the conscripts left, the rest are all contract soldiers," he said at a round table in the State Duma. As Russian Defense Minister General of the Army Sergei Shoigu reported in March 2020 at a plenary meeting of the Federation Council, the number of conscripts over the past seven years has decreased to 225 thousand, and the number of contract soldiers has exceeded 405 thousand. petty officers positions, combat units of special forces, marines, battalion tactical groups, as well as positions related to the operation of complex equipment.
The spring draft of 2022 will affect 82 of the 85 Russian regions, it will be held as planned. Colonel General Yevgeny Burdinsky , head of the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, stated this in an interview with the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper published on March 30. He noted that the draft commissions will start working from April 1. The call will be held in all regions, except Komi, Yamato-Nenets and Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. Here such events take place only in the fall. All military personnel on conscription upon expiration of their term of service will be released in a timely manner and sent home. In the spring, it is planned to recruit 134.5 thousand people into the ranks of the armed forces. “The events of the upcoming draft are in no way connected with the conduct of a special military operation since only officers and contract servicemen are sent to participate in it, ” Colonel-General Yevgeny Burdinsky, head of the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, stressed.
The autumn conscription in Russia in 2021 will affect 127.5 thousand people. The corresponding decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin was published on 01 October 2021. on the official portal of legal information. "To carry out from October 1 to December 31, 2021, the conscription for military service of citizens of the Russian Federation aged 18 to 27 years, who are not in the reserve and are subject to <...> conscription for military service, in the amount of 127,500 people," in the document.
On 30 September 2020 Putin signed a decree on the conscription of Russian citizens for military service in October - December 2020 and on the dismissal of those whose conscription term has ended. According to the text of the decree, from October 1 to December 31, 128,000 people will be called up for military service.
On 30 March 2020 Putin signed a decree on the draft for military service in the Russian Federation 135 thousand people from April 1. "From April 1 to July 15, 2020, call up for military service citizens of the Russian Federation aged 18 to 27 years who are not in stock and subject to ... military service, in the amount of 135,000 people," the decree said. Last spring, 135 thousand people were also drafted into the ranks of the Russian army.
President Vladimir Putin signed a decree 01 October 2019 calling for 132 thousand Russian citizens to military service from October to December 2019, and the dismissal of citizens who are conscripted from military service. In the spring, 135 thousand people were called up to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
On 28 September 2018 Vladimir Putin signed a decree calling in October-December 2018 for 132,500 Russian citizens for military service and dismissal of military conscripts from military service. The document was published at the official portal of legal information. "To carry out from October 1 to December 31, 2018 the conscription of citizens of the Russian Federation aged between 18 and 27 <...> in the number of 132,500 people," the decree said. The document also instructed "to implement <...> the discharge from military service of soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen, the term of conscription military service has expired." In March 2018, 128,000 people were drafted into the military service by presidential decree.
About 80% of young people drafted into the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the autumn of 2018 are considered fit for military service for health reasons, which exceeds the 2017 fall draft 2017, said on 12 December 2018 the head of the General Organization and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, Lieutenant-General Yevgeny Burdinsky. "The indicator of citizens' fitness for military service for health reasons is more than 79% and exceeds the indicator of fitness for the autumn draft of 2017 (78.6%)," said Burdinsky at a briefing on the preliminary results of the autumn draft campaign of 2018 before sending military personnel to scientific companies and personal reception of citizens at the assembly point of Moscow.
The number of draft dodgers for military service in Russia for two years has halved, at present their total number is estimated at 1.6 thousand. This was said on 07 October 2018 on the radio station " Echo of Moscow " by the Chief of the Main Organizational-Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Lieutenant-General Yevgeny Burdinsky. "In two years, from 2016, the number of citizens who shy away has halved. Now it is 1.6 thousand people," Burdinsky said. He noted that a sharp reduction in the number of draft dodgers indicates a fundamental change in the attitude of young people towards military service.
The call for military service was completed in Russia, and recruited, as planned, 128,000 people. This was announced on 16 July 2018 by the head of the Main Organizational-Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Lieutenant-General Yevgeny Burdinsky. "In the spring of 2018, 128,000 people were drafted and sent to the Russian Armed Forces, other troops, military formations, and bodies for military service," he said, noting that the call-up tasks had been fully implemented.
Burdinsky added that the number of people who did not attend the military commissariats on the citizens' agendas "is insignificant and currently does not exceed 0.3% of the number called for recruitment activities." In the spring of 2017, 142 thousand new recruits were sent to military service, 134 thousand in autumn calls last year. A significant reduction in the number of recruits in this campaign was associated with an increase in the number of contract soldiers in the Armed Forces.
On 27 September 2017, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree calling on citizens of the Russian Federation to enlist in the military service in October-December 2017 and dismissal of conscripted military personnel. "To carry out from October 1 to December 31, 2017, the conscription for the citizens of the Russian Federation aged 18 to 27 years <...> in the number of 134,000 people," - said in a decree published on the official portal of legal information. In October-December 2016, the number of recruits amounted to 152 thousand Russian citizens.
About 142,000 people were called for the passage of military service in the Russian Armed Forces, military units, and other troops during the spring conscription of 2017, which ended 15 July 2017, according to the Russian Defense Ministry. The number of deviators, as calculated by the military establishment, was 0.2% of the conscripts cause draft boards. "As citizens, failed to appear in the military enlistment offices, their number is decreasing every year significantly", - stressed the Ministry of Defense. In the spring conscription campaign for alternative civilian service to date, 395 people were sent. There were currently 970 people in alternative service.
According to the law of July 6, 2006 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the reduction of the term of military service" for those designed after 1 January 2008, the service life is 12 months. In addition, citizens who had graduated from college, but did not have a military rank officer and intended for military service before January 1, 2008, are also to serve 12 months. Individuals who also had graduated from military training centers at universities can take service under the contract for three years. Over "military departments" with the assignment officer's rank shall be credited to the reserve.
The right to deferment from military service were the students of day departments of universities, state-accredited (without a break in their studies). Respite is provided by graduate citizens who study full-time. The right to deferment also has a person receiving a vocational school or college after 11 years of schooling.
Currently, conscription is carried out 2 times a year: from 1 April to 15 July and from 1 October to 31 December. Since 2008, during the time of the country's military reform, the overall strength of the army was reduced to 1 million people, while the share of conscripts has decreased, the number of contractors. In 2013, the service was made more than 81 thousand, contracts for the posts of sergeants and privates. By 2016 the total number of this category of personnel was more than 230,000 men.
The largest number of recruits in recent years was aimed at the spring of 2009 - 305,560 people.. In the fall of 2010 military service received 278,800 people, in the spring of 2011 - 218,720, and in the autumn - 135,850. In the course of the spring draft 2012 troops 155, 570 people were sent, in the autumn of 2012 - 140,140. In the spring of 2013, the Russian army recruited 153,200 people, and in the autumn - 150,000. As a result of the spring conscription in the Russian Armed Forces in 2014 to 154,000 troops. On alternative civil service directed 325 people. The total number of draft dodgers in the spring of 2014, according to the War Department, was 4,334.
Russian draftees will not take part in combat operations, a top Russian defense official said 15 February 2013. “There is no talk of draftees’ participation in combat operations or military conflicts,” Russian General Staff Chief Col. Gen. Valery Gerasimov said while commenting on a recent presidential decree cutting the duration of combat training programs. “These tasks will be fulfilled solely by contract servicemen,” Gerasimov, who is also a deputy Russian defense minister, said.
In April 2007 Colonel General Vasily Smirnov, the head of the mobilization directorate of the General Staff, told reporters that there was a way out of the complicated situation and rejected the possibility that the 24-month conscription term will return in the future. Smirnov said that simultaneously with cutting the conscription term, the new legislation will reduce the number of official reasons that potential draftees could claim a deferment (from 25 to 21). "This way we will get about 100,000 men in the draft... and this quantity is sufficient for manning the Russian military," the general told RIA Novosti. This year, the General Staff planned to enlist 132,300 thousand men, he said.
Under a new law adopted to speed up the transition to a volunteer force, those conscripted in 2007 year will serve 18 months, down from 24 months until 2006. As of 2008, those conscripted will serve only 12 months. While enlisted men's wages, depending on the armed service, can be from about 8,000 rubles ($300) in the Ground Forces to 13,000 rubles ($500) in the Navy per month, the average wage in the country was about 11,000 rubles ($430) last September, up 24.3%, year-on-year.
The term of military service was reduced from two years to one year. At the same time, there was the humanization of military service. If possible, draftees may send for duty near their residence (first of all it concerns the citizens, married with children, or parents of retirement age). Service members would be able to wear civilian clothes and be dismissed from the military unit to communicate with the house on a mobile phone. Today, soldiers are completely liberated from all kinds of chores - they are now performing civilian structures. Improved quality of military power. It is a phased transition to catering to the elements of the "buffet". The arrangement of units installed showers and washing machines.
Since the early 2000s no young men from Chechnya, and only a few from other North Caucasus republics, had been drafted. That ban has been lifted: as of the fall 2014 draft, 500 Chechens would be inducted, with priority going to university graduates. The figure would rise to 1,000 in 2015. The planned total number of draftees from the North Caucasus Federal District in the fall of 2014 is 4,100, of whom 2,000 would come from Daghestan, 600 from Kabardino-Balkaria, and 500 from Ingushetia.
Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on spring conscription of citizens for military service on 25 March 2015. The document was published on the official website of legal information. "To carry out from 1 April to 15 July 2015 conscription of citizens of the Russian Federation aged 18 to 27 years old ... be called up for military service in the amount of 150 thousand 145 people", - stated in the decree. The same decree regulated transfer to the reserve of those whose term of military service has expired. During the autumn call in 2014 for military service were called to 154.1 thousand. people. In addition, another 458 people planned to send for alternative civilian service.
On 30 September 2015 President Vladimir Putin signed a decree "On the appeal in October - December 2015 citizens of the Russian Federation for military service and dismissal from military service of citizens passing military service." The document posted on the website of the President stated "To carry out from 1 October to 31 December 2015 the conscription of citizens of the Russian Federation aged 18 to 27 years, not in the reserve, and be in accordance with the law" On Military Duty and Military Service "for military service, in number of 147,100 people, "- the document said.
More than 155,000 people were called up for military service in the spring call, which started on 01 April 2016. The corresponding decree was signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin. According to the chief of the Main Organization and Mobilization Directorate (Mobilization), General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, Colonel-General Vasily Tonkoshkurov, more than 550 people will be alternative civilian service. "This spring will be called up for military service about 20 thousand conscripts who have received training in military occupational specialties in educational institutions DOSAAF Russia and secondary special education for the first time in the armed forces will be sent to recruits, trained in the field Airborne.." - He added.
The Russian army completely fulfilled the task of the spring draft, in which military service was called to 155 thousand, the press service of the Defense Ministry reported on 15 July 2016. "During the spring conscription campaign for military service by conscription in the Russian Armed Forces, other troops and military formations were called and sent to 155 thousand Russian citizens Target set by presidential decree, carried out in full.", it said in a statement. At the same time, the army went to more than 26 thousand citizens with higher education.
In the fall of 2015, the draft called for service more than 147 thousand Russians, and in the spring of 2016 - 155 thousand. The number of contract servicemen in the Russian Armed Forces is constantly growing: only since the beginning of the year were recruited more than 50 thousand troops under the contract, and now they are in the army more than 350 thousand. As told by the chief of the Main Organization and Mobilization Directorate of the General Staff Vasily Tonkoshkurov, more than 20 thousand people from the autumn to be the call have already received training in military occupational specialties, which they passed in organizations DOSAAF and secondary vocational education.
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